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Pouchitis
Pouchitis is inflammation of the pouch, with acute pouchitis occurring in 15%. This usually responds to a course of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistant refractory pouchitis is more difficult to manage, and fortunately less common occurring in only 5% of cases. Other causes for pouchitis may include smoking, poorly controlled disease, or unrecognised Crohn’s disease.
Medical management of pouchitis
Pouchitis usually responds to oral antibiotics (ciprofloxicin or flagyl). Resistant cases require a visit to your colorectal surgeon where a biopsy will be needed. Bacterial overgrowth often responds to Probiotics such as VSL#3®, with the usual dose 6g/day. This contains the health bacteria that normally line the gut and protects against overgrowth by unhealthy bacteria [2-4].
Resistant cases of chronic pouchitis will require the involvement of you gastroenterologist, with consideration of immune modulating agents including steroids such as prednisone, azathoprine, and occasionally infliximab®
Surgery for pouchitis
Occasionally further surgery is required for medically resistant chronic pouchitis. Usually revision surgery is possible, although re-do pouch surgery is sometimes required. On rare occasions, removal of the pouch with formation of a permanent ileosotmy is required.
Reference
- Ahmed AU, Keus F, Heikens JT, et al. Open versus laparoscopic (assisted) ileo pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009:CD006267.